Revisión sistemática de iniciativas que promueven la accesibilidad universal | Systematic review of initiatives promoting universal accessibility

José Patricio Muñoz Cordones

José Patricio Muñoz Cordones Superintendencia de Educación y Universidad de Chile. Chile https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6956-1009

Palabras clave: Accesibilidad universal, revisión sistemática, inclusión, discapacidad, personas mayores

Resumen

La accesibilidad universal es fundamental para fomentar la autonomía e inclusión social, pero su diseño e implementación enfrentan importantes desafíos. Estas dificultades surgen de la interacción entre las capacidades físicas, sensoriales y cognitivas de las personas y las características físicas, comunicacionales y simbólicas de los bienes, servicios y entornos. Este artículo presenta pautas generales para mejorar la accesibilidad, basadas en una revisión sistemática de la literatura que responde a las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿Cuáles son los temas más frecuentes asociados a iniciativas que promueven la accesibilidad universal? ¿Qué tipo de iniciativas se implementan para mejorar la accesibilidad? La revisión incluye un análisis de 148 artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023 en Scielo, Scopus y Web of Science. En el presente documento se describen iniciativas que promueven el diseño universal de productos, servicios y entornos, junto con lineamientos específicos para mejorar la accesibilidad en el tránsito peatonal, edificios públicos, medios de transporte, viviendas, y recursos digitales y tecnológicos. Además, se profundizan aspectos relacionados con la accesibilidad a entornos físicos, comunicacionales, sociales, culturales, educacionales y turísticos.

Biografía del autor/a

José Patricio Muñoz Cordones, Superintendencia de Educación y Universidad de Chile. Chile

Sociólogo y magister en Sociología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, analista de la Unidad de Estudios y Estadísticas de la Superintendencia de Educación y docente de Evaluación de Políticas Públicas en la Escuela de Gobierno y Gestión Pública de la Universidad de Chile.

Citas

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